The competitiveness objection has bite specifically for global externalities (Case 3) — not as a flaw in the criterion, but as a coordination problem the criterion correctly identifies. For local and trade-coupled externalities (Cases 1 and 2) the objection is a category error: country A's residents gain on inclusive wealth even when country A's GDP-share of cement production falls. The Changing Wealth of Nations data shows this repeatedly — resource-dependent economies post rising GDP per capita and falling per-capita inclusive wealth. They are 'competitive' only on the wrong metric.